Simulacrum And Simulations And Simulacra And Science Fiction

Think about the last time you sent a text in order to communicate with another person. You may have been under the impression that you were talking with someone, but in reality you were simply pressing down on your phone and watching the pixels on the screen move. According to Jean Baudrillard’s ideologies, you were the mere product of a simulation. In â€Å"Simulacra and Simulations† and â€Å"Simulacra and Science Fiction†, author and sociologist Jean Baudrillard explains this phenomenon by exploring the concept of simulacrum and simulations. Baudrillard argues that we live in a simulation that is more real than reality, and thus no longer even bears a resemblance to reality. In other words, the reality we think we know is really just an illusion. One movie with an exceptional amount of parallels to Baudrillard’s ideologies is The Matrix, directed by the Wachowskis. Many people believe that foundation of The Matrix’s plot is based off Baudrillardà ¢â‚¬â„¢s philosophies, however this has been met with numerous counterarguments. While The Matrix’s plot may correspond with many Baudrillard’s beliefs, it is my belief that The Matrix is not solely based on Baudrillard’s works but instead incorporates ideas from a variety of different sources. Although people may assume that the terms simulacra and simulation are interchangeable, it is important to specify how they differ. The chapter, â€Å"Simulacra and Simulations† in Selected Writings opens with quote from Ecclesiastes stating â€Å"[t]he simulacrumShow MoreRelatedThe Simulation Of Reality, By Cameron Stewart2555 Words   |  11 PagesThe Simulation of Reality Even at a first glance, Cameron Stewart’s webcomic Sin Titulo seems to be fraught with mystery, uncertainty and a certain sense of foreboding. It’s fast-paced and pulls the reader in immediately with its questions of existentialism as it blurs the line between dream spaces and reality. There is anxiety, paranoia and the text is full of philosophical paradoxes and references. Above all, however, the text grapples with the question of what reality is, how human beings perceiveRead MoreHyperreality3079 Words   |  13 Pagesrepeat, deception, falsehood, operation and forcibly. Hyper- reality or media accelerate new wedding behaviour to intrude our mind and it permeates our mental. J.Baudrillard(1988:98) said â€Å"as a sort of historical attraction to the second degree, a simulacrum to the second power.† The new wedding behaviours are deception and falsehood; the wedding photography companies build up a hyper reality land for the bride and groom to takes photos. There normally like a Destiny land or cinema studio, people canRead MoreModifying the Story Summer Solstice Through the Screenplay Tatarin4949 Words   |  20 PagesFulfillment of the Subject RD 100 - Research Design Leader Divine Angeline Leaà ±o Members Erinn Chua Jan Erik Miras Jamie Robertson San Juan Clarissa Tan Cherryl Tolentino October 2011 Department of Media Studies College of Arts and Sciences Trinity University of Asia Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to come up with a clear justification on the reasons why screenwriters and filmmakers would modify books. It should be understood that the book and the film are two different

Economic way of thinking Free Essays

In addition to their Immediate effects secondary effects are effects of a policy change that might not be noticeable when the policy change Is Implemented 7. The value of a good or service Is subjective what one good Is worth to person A, may have a completely different value by person B (l Like pizza with extra cheese, I value It highly. You are allergic to dairy products, so you place a low value on a pizza with extra cheese) 8. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic way of thinking or any similar topic only for you Order Now The test of a theory Is Its ability to predict Positive and normative economics Positive economics – the study of â€Å"what Is† among economic relationships For Instance, positive statements can be statistically evaluated. Normative economics – Judgments about â€Å"what ought to be† In economic matters Normative statements merely reflect people’s values – these statements cannot be proven true or false by economic thinking (think of It as a policeman’s views on any matter – abortion, capital punishment, etc. Those pollens cannot be proven right or wrong – they can merely be Judged) Economic way of thinking By gangplank 5. The acquisition of information is costly information can help people make better decisions, but information is a scarce good – the time it takes to search for the 6. Economic actions often generate secondary effects in addition to their immediate when the policy change is implemented 7. The value of a good or service is subjective what one good is worth to person A, may have a completely different value by person B (l like pizza with extra cheese, I alee it highly. You are allergic to dairy products, so you place a low value on a pizza with extra cheese) 8. The test of a theory is its ability to predict Positive economics – the study of â€Å"what is† among economic relationships For instance, positive statements can be statistically evaluated. Normative economics – judgments about â€Å"what ought to be† in economic matters proven true or false by economic thinking (think of it as a politician’s views on any matter – abortion, capital punishment, etc. Those opinions cannot be proven right or How to cite Economic way of thinking, Papers

International Food and Agribusiness Management

Question: Discuss about the International Food and Agribusiness Management. Answer: Introduction: Seafood processing sector across the world comprises of the breeding and production of fish and other creatures found in the sea. Many of the firms in this sectors operate vessels which are used for processing and not catching fishes and other food. Besides the industry also have enterprises that freeze the whole fish and offer it to the market. The focus of the report is Tassal salmon company based in the Tasmanian region in Australia. Globally, the seafood and fishing sector is becoming the most luxurious due to expected growth in the coming decades occasioned by the increased demand for seafood products and services (Birch et al. 2012). In Australia, the industry is also performing well, and it is capable of providing the products to the local and other markets across the world. The industry is expanding to meet the increasing demand and broaden the market. In Australia there are many companies but there are various companies competing to satisfy the consumers such as Petuna Seafo ods, Tassal and Huon Aquaculture. Firms operating in this industry adheres to certain environmental practices, are concerned about the society and use resources to meet their objectives (Bose Brown 2000). Marketing Background of the Company Tassal pays a particular attention to the ecological and social issues in the process of providing the services to consumers and other clients. These practices ensure that seafood reaches the consumers but with minimal effects on the fish populations and damage on the marine environment. For example, sustainable environmental practices do not only focus on the number of fish species left in the ocean, it is concerned with the methods of catching the fish, the influence on the marine wildlife and seafloor. It also touches on the regular functioning of the marine ecosystems (Farmery et al. 2014). As such, Tassal is conscious of the practices and takes into consideration the factors. Some of the reason why some companies are unable to satisfy the environmental requirements includes poor management, insufficient knowledge, and catching of the unintended species such as unwanted fish, seabirds, corals, turtles and dolphins (Tassal, n.d.) Tassal deals with seafood caught and farmed responsibly and this prevents depletion of fish populations and no ecosystem jeopardy. Besides, the company sources food from the sea and uses methods which do not threaten the habitats or end up catching huge volumes of non-intended species (Tassel, n.d.). Further, the company supports the surrounding communities by making positive contributions because they are part of the same society and employees live in the same environment. For example, the company is involved in some support activities in schools, local sports clubs, and nongovernment organizations because they are an essential part of an active community (Tassel, n.d.). Tassal Marketing Strategies Tassal is a Food processing, a fishing company founded in 1986 and since then it had grown from private to public company and listed on ASX back in 2003. The firm was established in Tasmania Australia and headquartered in Hobart in Tasmania, and since its inception, Tassal has been proving a full range of delicious, healthy and fresh Atlantic salmon responsibly bred from pristine waters. In the industry where it operates, it is recognized as one of the leading companies with more 800 fabulous employees proving services to consumers (Tassal, n.d.). The company has an extensive range of services and products such as fresh, canned, frozen and smoked salmon recipes. Services offered includes cooking techniques and the methods of preparing salmon dishes to family and friend in homes. To ensure the supply of products, Tassal relies on three hatcheries that are capable of producing ten million of smolt annually through selective breeding programs. The fishes produced are demanded by companies on wholesale while other are exported to other markets (Tassal, n.d.). In the country, consumers can access salmon in two major stores based in Salamanca, Kew and Tasmania and Victoria. The main competitors include Huon, Petuna Seafoods, and Aquaculture (Curtotti et al. 2012). The section explores the marketing mix strategies used by tassel in the market. The focus includes price, place, promotion, product and theories will be used to support the market moves employed. These strategies are important for the firms when marketing their products and services in the market (Goi 2015). This makes the company understand the right product for the market and target consumers, appropriate prices which the target population can afford, placing them in the right place and employing the most suitable promotion strategies to popularize products portfolio and the brand. The purpose of applying the strategies is to ensure the offering have the right and desired features that consumers want, providing good price, delivering them at the right time and making the buyers aware of the availability and cost adjustments (Dentoni et al 2014). The product is the center of the marketing focus by Tassel and therefore resources, energy and innovativeness should be employed to make it appealing to the market. The company should be concerned with the meaning of the product offered to the customer and work on aspects such as its appearance and the benefits to the buyers. For instance, the packaging must be appealing to the people and meets others social requirements such as health benefits which can attract the consumers currently and in the future. Further, the brand can be broadened for tactical purposes like competition from other salmon companies which means the company need increase the innovation of its products and services and also cater for fluctuating demand for Seafood in the coming decades (Constantinides 2006). According to segmentation theory, the products and services offered to consumers seek to satisfy and address customers' problems and needs. However, all buyers have different needs and want, and therefore some will find the product not favorable to them. Therefore, the firms should produce products based on the target segments purchasing power. Thus, Tassel makes products that are tailored toward particular segments based on demographics, desires, and behaviors and the marketing efforts and strategies are directed to the prospects segments to them (Dentoni et al. 2014). The Life Cycle theory argues that the marketing strategies adopted by the firm should evolve as the product goes through various phases such as growth phase and maturity. In the early phases, the marketing should be tailored toward informing consumers of the benefits to spark interests, at other stages, the aim should be to build loyalty and achieve differentiation (Lam Harker 2015). In the marketing mix theory aspects, the price is essential as it helps the company generate sales revenue to support other activities. This means that the set prices of the product and services provided have a significant role in determining the value made by the firm (Lam Harker 2015) To this regard, the salmon costs are determined by understanding the customers perception on what the real value of the services and product are. The management, therefore, has initiatives aimed at exploring the consumers opinions and using them to adjust the price based on what customers value what they pay for. However, there are diverse marketing forces which affect the pricing strategy of Tassal, and this makes the pricing policy to keep evolving. This is due to time changes and circumstances in the market such as demand, supply and seasons (Constantinides 2006). According to pricing theory, the prices of the products and services are determined by the cost incurred, demand and the level of competition in the industry. According to the model, pricing strategy concerns three main points namely the cost and profit targets, the demand and the level of competition (Hollensen 2015). Therefore, regarding the model principles, Tassel should set their prices based on the costs incurred during the production of its products. Other factors that need to be considered is the demand for good during different seasons by researching on the industry accepted range. Because Tassal has significant local and international competitors, there is need to check their prices and reduce its pricing rate to capture and retain more consumers. The strategy is sustained by understanding the demand, completion, and production pricing and adjusting them to gain competitive advantages. Although the figure may be different based on the products offered to the market, there is a significant share of cost which is used to get the product and services closer where the customer can access them. This is the Tassal as the place where their stores are set serves the roles of storing and making available to the consumers (Hollensen 2015). For instance, the firm has significant stores based in Salamanca, Kew, Tasmania and Victoria where customers can access quickly and be transported to other areas through roads. But many of the products are processed by factories in different locations and delivered to wholesalers who takes them closer to the retailers. In addition the processing centers are placed in a strategic location where people from different geographical locations can access them easily (Birch et al. 2012). According to operations theory in marketing, the business location is essential as it determines the access of products and services by the primary consumers. Besides, the place where the business is located has an enormous impact on the profits and revenues generated by the company. Therefore, Tassal should seek and establish their stores and processing facilities where it is possible to maximize the scale of income generated and minimize the costs incurred to reach the peoples. When the business is placed in a disadvantaged position, they experience rising competition, incurs huge costs of reaching consumers, have communications challenges and face falling demand (Hollensen 2015). The Promotion strategy by the organization has the primary objective of communicating to the consumers on why they should buy the product and how. The aim is to make the relevant information available in a bid to help the customers makes the decision on whether to purchase the product or service or not (Posner 2015). Tassal just like any other organization engages in a range of promotional activities in the digital, print and broadcast media to inform the consumers about their service and product offerings and to boost the sales. The strategy is also employed by Tassal to deal with the issues of competition from local and international companies invading the Australian market and others where they have demand (Friel et al. 2014). Alignment theory is relevant to the promotion strategies used by Tassel to capture more consumers in the market. For the promotion strategy used to be effective, then it must communicate the product features, benefits associated with it and others based on the target consumers. Therefore it is paramount for Tassel to use alignment strategy to during promotional activities such as PR, advertising (Kozlenkova et al. 2014). For example, when marketing Salmons they should be presented as aimed toward enhancing individuals health and capacity and downplaying another fundamental aspect which is not relevant for the promotion activity. Comparison of Marketing Mix Strategies In the Australian market, the main competitors of the organization of Tasssal include Huon, Petuna Seafoods, and aquaculture. The comparison mainly focuses on the product, pricing, place, and promotion strategies employed in the market. These strategies have more similarity but with slight differences. First of all, all the companies are competing in the seafood and fish industry, and their common products to consumers are Salmon. These firms provide framed salmon for the market, but there are differences in how they present the products in the market based on their target consumers and the demographics. Moreover, the companys products are offered to the consumer with their health benefits to attract them. There is difference in the way the products are packaged to make more appealing (Birch et al. 2012). The pricing strategy has a lot of similarities and differences. The competitors pricing strategy is determined by the perception held by consumers regarding the value of the products. These rivals tries to offer great products that are well packaged at a higher price. The advertising means and messages adopted by these companies position the salmon products as bearing higher values which outweigh the products. However, the costs of the product are not the same as they are determined by location, mode of delivery amongst others (Fleming Lim-Camacho 2014). The place strategy of the organization also has some differences and similarities. Where the company place is services is dependent on the consumers being targeted and the mean of transporting adopted as it is a determining factor on how the product is purchased. Both Tassel and Huan Tasmania Aquaculture operates in Tasmania and mainland Australia to reach the distributors and the consumers quickly. Both have stores at strategic locations in places such as Salamanca, Kew, Tasmania, Victoria, Habert and other location for easy access to markets and consumers. This also helps them to be in virtually all geographical areas (Fleming Lim-Camacho 2014). Lastly is the promotion strategies used by the competitions. The platforms and strategies are similar only the messages adopted are different due to the target consumers. The rise of technology and high penetration of internet has changed the way companies tries to reach people in the market and turn them into customers. Some of the leading digital platforms used to advertise and engage the consumers in including blogs, social media and websites where consumers can comments on various issues. Other strategies used includes public relations where the companies explain few issues that users might not understand well about the products. There is also a heavy reliance on sales promotion to move their goods faster in the market (Emery et al. 2017). Recommendation on How Tassal Should Improve Its Marketing Mix The best way for Tassal can understand and improve their 4Ps and move toward market domination is learning what persuades the customer toward purchasing a product or subscribing to the service and the areas where improvement is required to create more satisfactions. For packaged Salmons, the management should improve the packaging to make it look appealing, making it environmental conscience and differentiate it with that of the rivals. On the other hand, the place includes the places where the consumers can access the product. The firm should have store distributed across regions, a specialist boutique and make their packaged products to supermarket chains locally and internationally to make it accessible to users of all kind. Tassel should also improve and use the right distribution channels, try to perfect their supply chain management, learn the mistake and differentiate the company brand. Price strategy should take into consideration the value of the product and service offered to the buyer. The Tassel group should seek to understand the established price points in the industry and research whether the consumers are price sensitive to figure out whether a decrease in price can gain the firm a substantial extra market share against the rival. It is also essential to know discounts could be offered to customers and distributors. Lastly, the company can understand where the Promotion strategies can be applied by understanding where the message can spread quickly in the markets. For instance, Tassel should seek to understand sustainable and efficient platforms such as digital and others such as TV, radio, billboards or direct marketing. The company should know when to engage in promotional activities and when to avoid such strategies in the future. The plan also includes understanding how the competitors do their work and the best choices to combine to reach people. Tassal SWOT Analysis STRENGHS Dominance in the local market There is a strong existing distribution and sales networks Production of unique products Product diversification WEAKNESES Satisfying the future market size OPPORTUNITY Growing demand Income level is Increasing New Acquisitions Growth Rates And Profitability THREATS Increasing rates of interest in the region The bargaining power of suppliers is high Bibliography Birch, D., Lawley, M. Hamblin, D., 2012. Drivers and barriers to seafood consumption in Australia. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 29(1), pp. 64-73. Bose, S. Brown, N., 2000. A preliminary investigation of factors affecting seafood consumption behaviour in the inland and coastal regions of Victoria, Australia. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 24(4), pp. 257-262. Constantinides, E., 2006. The marketing mix revisited: towards the 21st century marketing. Journal of marketing management, 23(3-4), pp. 407-438. Curtotti, R., Hormis, M. McGill, K., 2012. The Australian seafood industry: Workforce information and stakeholder responses. Australia : ABARES. Dentoni, D., English, F. Schwartz, D., 2014. The impact of public RD on Marketing and Supply Chains on Small Farms' Marketing-Sensing Capability: Evidence from the Australian Seafood Industry. ndustry. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 17(1), pp. 38-58. Emery, T., Gardner, C., Hartmann, K. Cartwright, I., 2017. Incorporating economics into fisheries management frameworks in Australia. Marine Policy, Volume 77, pp. 136-143. Farmery, A., Gardner, C., Green, B. Jennings, S., 2014. Managing fisheries for environmental performance: the effects of marine resource decision-making on the footprint of seafood. Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 64, pp. 368-376. Fleming, A. H. A. F. A. V. P. E. P. G. G. B. Lim-Camacho, L., 2014. Climate change risks and adaptation options across Australian seafood supply chainsA preliminary assessment. Climate Risk Management, pp. 39-50. Friel, S., Barosh, L. Lawrence, M., 2014. Towards healthy and sustainable food consumption: an Australian case study. Public health nutrition, 17(05), pp. 1156-1166. Goi, C., 2015. Marketing Mix: A review of'P'. The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce. Hollensen, S., 2015. Marketing management: A relationship approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. James, N., 2016. Something fishy about Tasmania's salmon farming. Green Left Weekly, Volume 1091, p. 11. King, A., 2016. Staying ahead of the game: a framework for effective aquaculture decision-making. s.l.:(Doctoral dissertation, University of Tasmania). Kozlenkova, I., Samaha, S. Palmatier, R., 2014. Resource-based theory in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 42(1), pp. 1-21. Lam, W. Harker, M., 2015. Marketing and entrepreneurship: An integrated view from the entrepreneurs perspective. International Small Business Journal, 33(3), pp. 321-348. Posner, H., 2015. Marketing Fashion: Strategy, Branding and Promotion. s.l.:s.n. Tasmania, n.d. Tasmania. [Online] Available at: https://www.brandtasmania.com/seafood-stories/?item=358 Tassal, n.d. Tassal. [Online] Available at: https://www.tassal.com.au/sustainability/our-salmon/ [Accessed 25 April 2017]. Tassal, n.d. Tassal. [Online] Available at: https://www.tassal.com.au/sustainability/our-environment/ [Accessed 25 April 2017]. Tassal, n.d. Tassal. [Online] Available at: https://www.tassal.com.au/sustainability/our-community/#community-engagement [Accessed 25 April 2017].

The article is about how doctors also billers can Essays

The article is about how doctor's also billers can submit clean claims, along with correct doctor's information, such as, NPI number. When supplying the wrong NPI the claim will be kicked back and be unpaid. On the CMS-1500 some people will put information in the wrong slot which would allow the claim to be denied and kicked back also. In the article the reimbursement commit came up with modifiers. In which a CPT code along with clinical are provided so that the procedure can get approved with accuracy. The article also stated how lost claims are less controllable. However, since more doctors moved from paper claims to electronic claims it is easier to track a lost claim. Paper claims sometimes got lost in the mail and electronic claims sometimes got lost in cyberspace but noted in the article it very seldom get lost as an electronic claim. The ACA is a coding and compliance manual that cost about $50 for member and $80 for non-member which helps/teachers providers and they staff how to submit clean claims. They also emails to provider and their staff to keep them updated on the coding and claim processing. I think that this resource was a good ideas and hopefully has alleviated the problem of providers not getting paid on time.

Impressive List of Topics for Speech Competition Which Wont Bore Your Audience

Impressive List of Topics for Speech Competition Which Wont Bore Your Audience Impressive List of Topics for Speech Competition Which Won’t Bore Your Audience If you’re looking for speech competition topics, it means that you take part in a contest in your college, national tournament or you’re just a member of Toastmasters! Anyway, if you have no idea what to talk about in front of the audience, you’ve come to the right place. We will provide you with a list of topics for speech competition where you will be able to find a suitable subject for your performance or at least get inspired to come up with your own one. But before that we would like to remind you the most important rules and requirements that you have to remember while giving a speech: Keep to the formal structure – introduction, main body, and conclusion. Make sure your style of language is appropriate to your speech theme. Avoid plagiarism at all costs. The speech must be polite and shouldn’t offend people on racial, gender, religious or any other basis. Control your movements: you are allowed to use slight natural gestures and keep them to a minimum. Match your look with the topic of your speech (within reasonable limits). These aspects are very important to consider while choosing the subject because you need to understand which topic you will be able to meet the rules as well as do your best. So, keep them in mind while having a look at our 20 sample topics for a speech competition. White Supremacists and Statues of Confederates: to Take Down or Not to Take Down? Mandatory Minimums as a Legal Display of Racism on the Governmental Level in Matters of Drug Abuse and Drug Trade Lack of Trust in Mass Media as an Instrument of Propaganda The Future of Pilotless Airliners with Autopilot Controls A New Economic Bubble: Do Governments Have to Regulate the Blockchain Markets? Donald Trump and Big Data: a Winning Combination Sophia – the First Robot in the World to Get a Citizenship and Other Privileges The Role of Ireland in the Brexit Process Recent Hurricanes and the Prospects of Geoengineering AIDS Epidemic Among Children What Will Happen When the US Acknowledges Jerusalem as the Capital of Israel? Slobodan Praljak’s Suicide During the Trial: What Does It Tell Us about Bosnia-Herzegovina? The Lack of Child Psychiatrists in Ireland and Its Consequences Who Are the Rohingya People and Why Did Pope Publicly Address Them? The Problem of Fake News on Facebook How Police Use Facebook to Catch Criminals Sexual Harassment Revelations of 2017: What Was the Trigger? Accelerated Bachelor’s Degrees: Their Advantages and Dangers The Premises for Banning College and School Beauty Contests Consequences of Revealing Your Life on Social Media Go through this list and while choosing the final topic to remember – it is important that the subject you’ll settle with would be interesting for you as well as for your audience. That’s one of the most significant criteria that you should always stake into account. At writing company you can buy speeches online which will impress your professor.

Intonation Definition and Examples in Speech

Intonation Definition and Examples in Speech In speech,  intonation is the use of changing (rising and falling) vocal pitch to convey grammatical information or personal attitude. Intonation is particularly important in expressing questions in spoken English. For example, take the sentence, When does the meeting start? The word start- including the question mark- rises up or comes up in your voice when you utter the word, notes the website  English Pronunciation Roadmap. The Musicality of Language Intonation  is the melody or music of a language, says  David Crystal, author of A Little Book of Language. Intonation refers to the way your voice rises and falls as you speak, as in, Its raining, isnt it? (or innit, perhaps) In this sentence, youre not really asking a question: Youre  telling  the listener that its raining, so you give your speech a telling melody. The pitch-level of your voice falls and you sound as if you know what youre talking about, and of course, you do, so youre making a statement. But now imagine that you  dont  know if its raining, says Crystal. You think there might be a shower outside, but youre unsure, so you ask someone to check. You use the same words, but the musicality of your voice makes a different point, as in, Its raining, isnt it? Now youre  asking  the person, so you give your speech an asking melody, says Crystal. The pitch-level of your voice rises, and you sound as if youre asking a question. Pitch and Chunking To understand intonation, its important to comprehend two of its key terms: pitch and chunking.  Encyclopaedia Britannica  notes that pitch is, the relative highness or lowness of a tone as perceived by the ear, which depends on the number of vibrations per second produced by the vocal cords. Everyone has different levels of the pitch in their voice, notes Study.com: Though some are more prone to a higher pitch and some to a lower pitch, we can all change our timbre depending on who we are talking to and why. Timbre  refers to the  quality of sound that distinguishes one  voice or musical instrument from another or one vowel sound from another: It is determined by the harmonics of the sound. Pitch, then, refers to the musicality of your voice and how you use that musicality or timbre to convey meaning. Chunking- and pausing- meanwhile  packages information for the listener, says  the University of Technology (UTS)  in Sydney, adding that speakers divide  speech  into chunks, which may be single words or groups of words to communicate a thought or idea, or to focus on information the speaker thinks is important. UTS gives the following example of chunking: Does it really matter whether people speak with an accent as long as they can be easily understood? This sentence breaks into the following chunks: Does it really matter /whether people speak with an accent /as long as they can be easily understood? // In this example, in each chunk, your pitch would be slightly different to better convey your meaning to the listener. Your voice, essentially, rises and falls in each chunk. Types of Intonation Another key point about intonation involves the rising and falling of your voice. Just as a musical instrument rises and falls in its tone as an accomplished player creates a melody to convey a sense of mood, your voice rises and falls in a similar melodic way to create a sense of meaning. Take this example from an article by Russell Banks, in an article called Adultery, which was published in the April/May 1986 issue of Mother Jones. I mean, what the hell? Right? The speakers voice rises and falls in the separate chunks in these two brief sentences, as follows; I mean /What the hell? /Right? // As the speaker says the first chunk- I mean- the voice falls. Then, during the second phrase- What the heck?- the voice rises, almost like climbing a melodic ladder with each word. The speaker does this to express outrage. Then, with one the last word- Right?- the speakers voice climbs even higher, similar to hitting the elusive  high C in music. This is almost like pushing the sentence to the listener- handing it off if you will- so that the listener will agree with the speaker. (If the listener does not agree, an argument is likely to follow.) And, in the article, the listener  does  indeed agree with the speaker, by responding with, Yes, right. The response is spoken with falling intonation, almost as if the listener is giving in and accepting the dictate of the speaker. By the end of the word right, the responders voice has dropped so much its almost as if the person is giving in. Put another way, intonation is the process of chunking statements (and responses), to deliver packages of meaning. Generally, the initial statement (often a question), may rise and fall in tone, but it generally rises at the end, as the speaker passes off the sentence or question to the listener. And, just as with a musical piece that starts quietly, and crescendos in sound and timber, the tone or sound of the response falls as if the responder is bringing the discussion to a quiet ending, just as a melody quietly comes to a soft finish at the end.

Speech class assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Speech class assignment - Essay Example Audience analysis is essential for gathering situational information. Situational information refers to the context under which a speaker will deliver one’s speech. To begin with, a speaker should know the size of the expected intended audience. This is useful for presentation materials such as visual aids, which the whole audience should adequately see (Hamilton 73). In addition, the speaker should know an audience’s intention of attending a lecture such that one gauges the interest that such people will pay to the speech. Other factors include the audience’s knowledge of a person such that the speaker assesses the trust that one will receive from the audience. In addition, audience analysis is crucial for understanding an audience’s mastery of a given topic. A speaker should be cautious not to overestimate an audience’s comprehension of a subject. This is because the speaker may become too abstract for an audience, which is highly likely to shift attention in case of incomprehensible speech. Such analysis would help the speaker in explaining theoretical concepts entailed in the speech before the actual presentation. On the other hand, presenting a simplistic discussion to a knowledgeable audience may kill its enthusiasm. Audience analysis helps a speaker unravel the demographics of an audience. The demographic factors include ethnic background, age, income status, class, religion, gender, and other related factors. These factors help a speaker articulate a speech in order to address the needs of an audience. It is essential to note that an individual is highly likely to pay attention to a speech that addresses one’s needs. A speaker, however, should be careful not to stereotype an audience because individuals are more complicated than simplistic categorizations. Categorization, therefore, is only important for giving attention to immediate